Applying fertilizers early in the morning, especially around 6 AM, can be less effective or even problematic for coffee plants in Chikmagalur due to the cold climate and dew-covered plants.
Concerns with Early Morning Fertilization
1. Reduced Nutrient Uptake
• During colder mornings, the soil temperature is low, which slows down root activity and the uptake of nutrients.
• Fertilizers applied early may remain unused for longer periods, reducing their efficiency.
2. Risk of Fertilizer Runoff
• Dew on the leaves and soil surface increases the chance of fertilizers dissolving prematurely and being washed away without being absorbed effectively.
3. Volatilization of Nitrogen
• In urea-based fertilizers, early application may lead to nitrogen loss through volatilization if temperatures rise rapidly after application.
4. Foliage Burn
• If fertilizers are sprayed on foliage with dew drops, the combination can intensify the effect of sunlight later, causing leaf burn.
Best Practices for Fertilizing Coffee Plants in Cold Climates
1. Timing
• Apply fertilizers mid-morning (around 9–10 AM) when the dew has dried and the soil has warmed up slightly.
• Alternatively, late afternoon (4–5 PM) is suitable, as it allows the nutrients to settle in before the night cools the soil again.
2. Fertilizer Type
• Use slow-release or organic fertilizers that are less likely to leach away due to moisture.
• For foliar sprays, choose products specifically designed for low-temperature application.
3. Application Technique
• Avoid applying fertilizers directly to wet leaves. Instead, target the root zone around the drip line of the coffee plant.
• Incorporate fertilizers lightly into the soil to minimize runoff and volatilization.
4. Weather Considerations
• Avoid fertilizing before expected rain, as it can wash away nutrients.
• Ensure a balance between soil moisture and aeration for optimal nutrient absorption.
5. Seasonal Adjustments
• In colder months, reduce fertilizer frequency and opt for formulations rich in potassium and phosphorus to strengthen plant roots and resilience.
• During warmer seasons, nitrogen-rich fertilizers are more effective for promoting growth.
